Habka soo saarista dhirta dabiiciga ah
Habkani wuxuu inta badan u isticmaalaa caleemaha dhirta ee genus Ursi sida alaabta ceeriin, waxayna isticmaashaa soo saarista dareeraha organic, soo saarista, chromatography column iyo hababka kale ee kala saarista iyo sifaynta si loo heloarbutin soosaarid. Horaantii 1930kii, waxaa la sheegay inarbutin waxay ku jirtaa caleemaha kaabajka dhagaxa. Daraasadihii xigay waxay xaqiijiyeen in arbutin sidoo kale laga helo caleemaha geedka bariiska madow, bilberry, bearberry iyo geed pear. glycosides.
Maadaama maadada arbutin ee dhirta ay aad u hooseyso, habka soo saarista ayaa ah mid aad u adag, nadiifinta soosaarkuna maaha mid sare, sidaas darteed horumarinta hababka kale ee diyaarinta, habka soo saarista dhirta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u lumisay faa'iidada tartanka.
Dhaqanka unugyada dhirta
Habka dhaqanka unugyada dhirta ayaa isticmaala awoodda glycosylation ee unugyada dhirta si loogu beddelo hydroquinone arbutin. Marka la barbardhigo hababka soo saarista dhirta, waxtarka helitaanka arbutin iyadoo la adeegsanayo hababka dhaqanka unugyada dhirta ayaa aad u sarreeya. Markaad codsanayso habkan, xulashada dhexdhexaad dhaqameedka unugyada dhirta oo hufan iyo go'aaminta xaaladaha dhaqanka ku habboon ayaa fure u ah.
T alaabta ceeriin ee loo isticmaalo habka dhaqanka unugyada dhirta waa nadiif, heerka beddelka ayaa sarreeya, wax soo saarkuna waa ka nadiif. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wareegga wax-soo-saarka ayaa dheer, kala-soocidda iyo nadiifinta ayaa adag, horumarinta warshaduhuna waa mid aan qaan-gaarin. Fahamka dheeraadka ah ee habka koritaanka unugyada dhirta, caddaynta arrimaha muhiimka ah ee saameeya habka isku-dhafka, soo-gaabinta wareegga wax-soo-saarka, iyo hagaajinta wax-soo-saarka ayaa ah arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee u baahan in lagu xalliyo codsiga habkan.
Habka isku dhafka enzyme
Habka isku dhafka enzyme inta badan wuxuu isticmaalaa glycosyltransferase ama glycosidase si uu u kiciyo wareejinta glycosyl iyo dib u celinta falcelinta hydrolysis si ay u abuurto glycosides, taas oo ah, arbutin waxaa laga helaa hydroquinone iyo glucose hoos yimaada catalysis of glycosidase.
Habka isku-dhafka enzyme wuxuu leeyahay nidaam sahlan, waxtarka wax-ku-oolnimada sare, iyo rajooyin horumarineed oo aad u wanaagsan. Cilmi-baaris qoto-dheer oo ku saabsan habkan sannadihii la soo dhaafay, aad iyo aad u badan ayaa la helay simogens ku habboon, iyo heerka isku-dhafka ee arbutin ayaa sidoo kale sii kordhaya oo sarreeya. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in habkani uu noqon doono mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha cilmi-baarista ee ugu muhiimsan ee isku-dhafka arbutin mustaqbalka. mid.
Isku dhafka kiimikada
Guud ahaan, isku dhafka kiimikaad ee arbutin waxay isticmaashaa gulukoos iyo hydroquinone sida alaabta ceeriin. Ka dib marka labada si habboon loo ilaaliyo, waxay maraan falcelinta glycosidation ka dibna ka saara kooxda ilaalinta. Habka isku dhafka kiimikada ayaa noqday habka ugu muhiimsan ee diyaarinta arbutin sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka tayada alaabta synthetic ee wanaagsan iyo qiimaha wax soo saarka oo hooseeya, waxayna ku guuleysteen wax soo saarka warshadaha gudaha iyo dibadda.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, gudaha Shiinaha, gulukooska anhydrous waxaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa walxo ceeriin ah, iyob -arbutin waxa lagu soo saaraa ilaalinta acylation-ka, uumi katalytic, iyo hydrolysis alkaline. Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee tiknoolajiyada isku-dhafka ah, sannadihii la soo dhaafay, tillaabooyinka loogu talagalay isku-dhafka gudaha ee arbutin ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo fududeeyay, heerka isku-dhafka ayaa si joogto ah loo hagaajiyay, tayada ayaa gaartay heer caalami ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah stereoselectivity liidata ee sheyga ee isku-dhafka kiimikada, cilmi-baaris qoto-dheer ayaa weli loo baahan yahay si loo helo hab wax-ku-ool ah oo gaar ah oo kiimiko ah oo loogu talagalay diyaarintaa-arbutin.
Badbaadada arbutin
Sababtoo ah hydroquinone waxay leedahay saamaynta joojinta tyrosinase, waxaa loo isticmaali jiray hore ee ka hortagga freckle iyo qurxinta qurxinta si loo yareeyo midabka maqaarka. Daraasado dambe ayaa lagu ogaaday in hydroquinone ay leedahay khatarta ah inay keento ochronosis exogenous iyo vitiligo, iyo sidoo kale dareenka iyo kansarka. Khatarta suurtagalka ah, waxay ku taxan tahay sida qayb mamnuuc ah oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo ee dalkayga. Arbutin sidoo kale waa tyrosinase inhibitor iyo beddelka hydroquinone. Marka la eego xaaladaha sida qiimaha pH hooseeya, heerkulka sare, iyo shucaaca ultraviolet, arbutin waxaa laga yaabaa in loo beddelo hydroquinone hoos yimaada ficilka microorganisms maqaarka ama glucosidase, taasoo keentay khataraha suurtagalka ah ee dareenka, genotoxicity, ama kansarka. Sidaa darteed, cilmi-baarista badbaadada ee arbutin ayaa had iyo jeer soo jiidatay dareenka warshadaha.
Bishii Febraayo 2023, SCCS waxay soo saartay ra'yigeedii ugu dambeeyay ee badbaadadaa-arbutin iyob-arbutin ee qurxinta (SCCS/1642/22), oo leh gabagabada soo socota
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